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Research

Explore C-SocPhil's research reports and tools in order to envision the scope and scale of fully leveraged philanthropy.

Title Author(s) Year Sponsor
Educational Endowments and the Financial Crisis: Social Costs and Systemic Risks in the Shadow Banking System (A Study of Six New England Schools)Humphreys, Joshua (lead author)2010Center for Social Philanthropy, Tellus Institute
Report on Special Convenings of Endowments on Commingled Fund Proxy VotingCenter for Social Philanthropy2009Proxy Stewardship Project
Overcoming Obstacles to Active OwnershipHumphreys, Joshua2009UN Principles for Responsible Investment
Fully Leveraged PhilanthropyHumphreys, Joshua2009Harvard Kennedy School, Hauser Center
Fully Leveraging Philanthropic Assets for Long-Term Social and Environmental ImpactHumphreys, Joshua2009Harvard Kennedy School, Hauser Center, Philanthropy Study Group
Investing for Impact: A Snapshot of EGA Members’ Leveraged Investment Strategies Humphreys, Joshua2008Environmental Grantmakers Association
Mobilizing Assets, Maximizing Impact: Fully Leveraging Philanthropic Capital for Environmental ChangeHumphreys, Joshua2008Environmental Grantmakers Association
Mission in the Marketplace: How Responsible Investing Can Strengthen the Fiduciary Oversight of Foundation Endowments and Enhance Philanthropic MissionsHumphreys, Joshua2007Social Investment Forum Foundation
C-SocPhil Focus List of Foundation Shareholder ResolutionsCenter for Social PhilanthropyProxyDemocracy

Library

 

Library

Browse our library of research and reports for additional reading on related issues in fully leveraged philanthropy. Sort by Title, Author, Year, or Sponsoring Organization.

Title Author(s) Year Sponsor
Educational Endowments and the Financial Crisis: Social Costs and Systemic Risks in the Shadow Banking System (A Study of Six New England Schools)Humphreys, Joshua (lead author)2010Center for Social Philanthropy, Tellus Institute
The Influence of Corporate Culture on Economic Behavior: Does Religion Matter in Corporate Decision Making in America?Hilary, Gilles, and Kai Wai Hui2007Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
E.S.G. Risk Factors in a Portfolio Context: Integrated Modeling of Environmental, Social and Governance Risk Factors. An Innovative Study for Institutional InvestorsHörter, Steffen, Wolfgang Mader, and Barbara Menzinger2009risklab GmbH
Socially Responsible Investing: Viable for Value Investors?Abramson, Lorne, and Dan Chung2000Journal of Investing
A Charitable Corporate Giving Justification for the Socially Responsible Investment of Pension Funds: A Populist Argument for the Public Use of Private WealthAdams, Edward S. and Karl D. Knutsen1995Iowa Law Review
The Cost of Socially Responsible InvestingAdler, Timothy, and Mark Kritzman2008The Journal of Portfolio Management
The Wall Street Walk as a Form of Shareholder ActivismAdmati, Anat R. and Paul Pfleiderer2006Stanford University
Large Shareholder Activism, Risk-Sharing, and Financial Market EquilibriumAdmati, Anat R., Paul Pfleiderer and J. Zechner1994
Shark Repellants and the Role of Institutional Investors in Corporate GovernanceAgrawal, Anup and Gerald Mandelker1992
Removing Poison Fills: A case of shareholder activsmAkyol, Ali C. and Carolyn Carroll2006University of Alabama
Role of Advisory Services in Proxy VotingAlexander, C., M. Chen, D. Seppi and C. Spatt2006University of Maryland
Active Institutional Shareholders and Cost of Monitoring: Evidence from Executive CompensationAlmazan, Andres, Jay Hartzell, and Laura Starks2005University of Texas
Enablers of Excess: Mutual Funds and the Overpaid American CEOAmerican Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and The Corporate Library2006
Failed Fiduciaries: Mutual Fund Proxy Voting on CEO CompensationAmerican Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), The Corporate Library and the Shareowner Education Group2007
Good Corporate Governance Works: More Evidence from CalPERSAnson, M., T. White and H. Ho2004
Real Estate and Socially Responsible Investment: New Products, New Investments, New ValueArnaud, Emmanuel, with Gary Pivo and David Wood2007Institute for Responsible Investment, Boston College, and University of Arizona
Determinants and Consequences of Proxy Voting by Mutual Funds on Shareholder ProposalsAshraf, A. and N. Jayaraman2006Georgia Tech
Changing Oil: Emerging Environmental Risks and Shareholder Value in the Oil and Gas IndustryAustin, Duncan and Amanda Sauer2002World Resources Institute
Changing Drivers: The Impact of Climate Change on Competitiveness and Value Creation in the Automotive IndustryAustin, Duncan, Niki Rosinki, Amanda Sauer, and Colin le Duc2003Sustainable Asset Management and World Resources Institute
Shareholder Activism and Institutional InvestorsBainbridge, S.2005UCLA School of Law
Mutual Neglect: How the Largest Institutions in the Stock Market Ignore Health Problems and Financial Threats Stemming From Toxic Product LiabilitiesBaue, Bill, Jonas Kron, Sanford Lewis, Richard A. Liroff, and Tim Little2008Investor Environmental Health Network and Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment
Program-Related Investments: A Technical Manual for FoundationsBaxter, Christie I.1997John Wiley & Sons
Returns to Shareholder Activism: Evidence from a Clinical Study of the Hermes U.K. Focus FundBecht, M., J. Franks, C. Mayer, and S. Rossi2006ECGI-Finance
Expanding the Investment Frontier: Factoring Environmental, Social and Governance Criteria into Investment AnalysisBennett, Charles J., Ivo Knoepfel and David Vidal2005The Conference Board
Monitoring the Monitor: Evaluating CalPERS ActivismBerber, B.2006University of California at Davis
The Impact of the Institutional and Regulatory Environment on Shareholder VotingBethel, Jennifer E., and Stuart Gillan2002
The Other 95 Percent: How a Community Foundation Uses Proxy Voting to Advance its MissionBianchi, Alessandra2005
The Value of Relationships between State Charity Regulators and PhilanthropyBiemesderfer, David, and Andras Kosaras2006Council on Foundations, Forum of Regional Associations of Grantmakers
PhilanthrocapitalismBishop, Matthew, and Michael Green2008Bloomsbury
Shareholder Activism and Corporate Governance in the United StatesBlack, Bernard S.1998The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, ed. P. Newman
Agents Watching Agents: The Promise of Institutional Investor VoiceBlack, Bernard S.1992
Shareholder Passivity ReexaminedBlack, Bernard S.1990
A Duty to Monitor Proxy VotingBlaine Aikin 2008Investment News
The Environmental Fiduciary: The Case for Incorporating Environmental Factors into Investment Management PoliciesBlake Goodman, Susannah, Jonas Kron, and Tim Little2002Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment
Foundations and Social Investment: Making Money Work Harder in Order to Achieve MoreBolton, Margaret2005The Ashden Trust, Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, Tudor Trust, and Venturesome
Mission Investing for Small FoundationsBorn, Jason, and Andy Carroll2008Association of Small Foundations
Sustainable Banking: The Greening of FinanceBouma, Jan Jaap, et al., eds.2001Greenleaf Publishing
Costly Communication, Shareholder Activism, and Limits to ArbitrageBradley, M., A. Brav, I. Goldstein, and W. Jiang2006Duke, Wharton and Columbia
Hedge Fund Activism, Corporate Governance and Firm PerformanceBrav, Alon, Wei Jiang, Frank Partnoy, and Randall Thomas2008Journal of Finance 63
Money Well Spent: A Strategic Plan for Smart PhilanthropyBrest, Paul and Hal Harvey2008
Ownership Structure and Voting on Antitakeover AmendmentsBrickley, J., R. Lease, and C. Smith1988
Smart Grants for Down MarketsBrody, Francie, and Kevin McQueen, with Tim WalterAssociation of Small Foundations
Great Ideas: Investments Supporting Human ServicesBrody, Francie, et al.2002Brody Weiser Burns, Alliance for Children and Families, and the Annie E. Casey Foundation
Matching Program Strategy and PRI CostBrody, Francie, John Weiser and Scott Miller, with Phyllis Joffe, ed.1995Brody Weiser Burns
Current Practices in Program-Related InvestingBrody, Francie, Kevin McQueen, Christa Velasquez and John Weiser2002Brody Weiser Burns
Current Practices in Program Related Investing: Should You Consider a PRI?Brody, Francie, Kevin McQueen, Christa Velazquez, et al.2004
Compelling Returns: A Practical Guide to Socially Responsible InvestingBudde, Scott J. 2008
Is Acquiring Firm Shareholder Approval in Stock-for-Stock Mergers Perfunctory?Burch, T.R., A.G. Morgan, and J. G. Wolf2004
Large Shareholders, Monitoring and the Value of the FirmBurkart, Mike, Dennis Gromb, and Fausto Panunzi1997
The Influence of Institutional Investors on Myopic R&D Investment BehaviorBushee, Brian J.1998
Do Institutional Investors Prefers Near-Term Earnings over Long-Run Value?Bushee, Brian J. 2001
The SRI Advantage: Why Socially Responsible Investing Has Outperformed FinanciallyCamejo, Peter2002New Society Publishers
Current Perspectives on Shareholder Proposals: The 1997 Proxy SeasonCampbell, C., S. Gillan, and C. Niden1999
The Influence of Institutions on Corporate Governance through Private Negotiations: Evidence from TIAA-CREFCarleton, W.T., J.M. Nelson, and M. S. Weisbach1998
Program-Related Investing: Skills and Strategies for New PRI FundersCarlson, Neil2006GrantCraft
The Effectiveness of Institutional ActivismCaton, Gary, Jeremy Goh, and Jeffrey Donaldson2001
Monitoring: Which institutions matter?Chen, Xia, Jarrad Harford, and Kai Li2006
Global Corporate GovernanceChew, Donald H., Jr., and Stuart L. Gillan, eds.2009Columbia University Press
Relationship Investing: Large Shareholder Monitoring with Managerial CooperationChidambaran, N. K., and Kose John1998NYU
Proxy Issue Contests: The Impact of the 1992 Proxy ReformsChoi, S.2000
RISE Capital Market Report: The Double Bottom Line Private Equity Landscape in 2002-2003Clark, Catherine H. and Josie Taylor Gaillard2003Columbia Business School
Liquidity versus Control: The Institutional Investor as Corporate MonitorCoffee, J.1991
Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Consumer and Technology CompaniesCogan, Doug, Megan Good, Geri Kantor and Emily McAteer2008Ceres
Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Making the ConnectionCogan, Douglas G.2006Ceres
Tobacco Divestment and Fiduciary Responsibility: A Legal and Financial AnalysisCogan, Douglas G.2000Investor Responsibility Research Center
Wealth in FamiliesCollier, Charles W.2002Harvard University Press
The Value of Environmental, Social and Governance Factors for Foundation InvestmentsCollin, Sam2009EIRIS Foundation
The Value of Environmental, Social and Governance Factors for Foundation InvestmentsCollin, Sam2009EIRIS Foundation Charity Project
Responsible Investment by Charities: the Role of Pooled Funds. A Guide for Charity TrusteesCollin, Sam2009EIRIS Foundation Charity Project
Responsible Investment Approaches to Non-equity Investments: An Introduction for Charity TrusteesCollin, Sam, and Adam Ognall2006EIRIS and UK Social Investment Forum
The Responsible Investment Approaches of Common Investment Funds: A Guide for Charity TrusteesCollin, Sam, and Adam Ognall, with Sheila Stefani2006EIRIS and UK Social Investment Forum
Accounting Information and Corporate Governance: Market and Analyst Reactions to Earnings of Firms Engaged in Proxy ContestsCollins, D.W., and L. DeAngelo1990
Compounding Impact: Mission Investing by US FoundationsCooch, Sarah and Kramer, Mark2007FSG Social Impact Advisors
The Impact of Institutional Ownership on Corporate Operating PerformanceCornett, M., A. Marcus, A. Saunders, and H. Tehranian2006New York University
Pension Funds and Corporate Social PerformanceCox, Paul, Stephen Brammer, and Andrew Millington2008Business & Society 47
Institutional Investors and Proxy Voting: The Impact of the 2003 Mutual Fund Voting Disclosure RegulationCremers, M., and R. Romano2006Yale University
The Financial Crisis: An Environmental, Social and Governance PerspectiveCRstrategies2009Social Investment Organization (Canada)
Shareholder Wealth Effects of CalPers ActivismCrutchley, C., C. Hudson, and M. Jensen1998
Using All Our Resources: The Packard Foundation’s Program-Related Investment History and PortfolioDavid and Lucile Packard Foundation 2004
Business Ties and Proxy Voting by Mutual Funds?Davis, Gerald F., and E. Han Kim2005Journal of Financial Economics
The New Capitalists: How Citizen Investors are Reshaping the Corporate AgendaDavis, Stephen M., Jon Lukomnik, and David Pitt-Watson2006Harvard Business School Press
Managerial Compensation, Information Costs, and Corporate Governance: The use of accounting performance measures in proxy contestsDeAngelo, Linda E.1988Journal of Accounting and Economics 10, no. 1
Proxy Contests and the Governance of Publicly Held CorporationsDeAngelo, Linda E., and Harry DeAngelo1989Journal of Financial Economics
The Foundation Payout PuzzleDeep, Akash, and Peter Frumkin2001Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Harvard University
The Motivation and Impact of Pension Fund ActivismDel Guercio, Diane, and Jennifer Hawkins1998
Do Boards Pay Attention when Institutional Investors ‘Just Vote No’?: CEO and Director Turnover Associated with Shareholder ActivismDel Guercio, Diane, Laura Wallis, and Tracie Woidtke2006University of Tennessee
Testing for Altruism and Social Pressure in Charitable GivingDellaVigna, Stefano, John A. List, and Ulrike Malmendier2010National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper 15629
Active Investors and Management Turnover Following Unsuccessful Control ContestsDenis, David and Jan Serrano1996
Socially Responsible Fixed-Income FundsDerwall, Jeroen, and Kees Koedijk2009Journal of Business Finance & Accounting
Mission Stewardship: Aligning Programs, Investments, and Administration to Achieve ImpactDietel, William M.2006F.B. Heron Foundation
Doing Well by Doing Good? Green Office BuildingsEichholtz, Piet, Nils Kok, and John M. Quigley2009American Economic Review
Where Money Meets Mission: Breaking Down the Firewall between Foundation Investments and ProgrammingEmerson, Jed2003Stanford Social Innovation Review
Back to Our Financial Future: The Up Side of Down MarketsEmerson, Jed2009Alliance Magazine
The Blended Value Proposition: Integrating Social and Financial ReturnsEmerson, Jed2003California Management Review
Steady Returns with Social ImpactEmerson, Jed2009Forbes.com
Horse Manure and GrantmakingEmerson, Jed2002Foundation News and Commentary
Shifting into Foundation OverdriveEmerson, Jed2004Foundation News and Commentary
The Nature of Returns: A Social Capital Markets Inquiry into Elements of Investment and the Blended Value PropositionEmerson, Jed2000Harvard Business School, Social Enterprise Series, No. 17
A Value Vision for the 21st Century: The Role of Foundations in Creating Sustainable CapitalismEmerson, Jed2005The Case Foundation
A Capital Idea: Total Foundation Asset Management and the Unified Investment StrategyEmerson, Jed2002
Total Foundation Asset Management: Exploring Elements of Engagement within Philanthropic PracticeEmerson, Jed2003
The 21st Century Foundation: Building Upon the Past, Creating for the FutureEmerson, Jed2004
From Fragmentation to Function: Critical Concepts and Writings on Social Capital Markets' Structure, Operation, and InnovationEmerson, Jed, and Joshua Spitzer2007Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Oxford University, Saïd Business School
Money Matters: The Structure, Operations and Challenges of Nonprofit FundingEmerson, Jed, and Paul Carttar2003Bridgespan Group
Capitalism 3.0: Exploring the Future of Capital Investing and Value CreationEmerson, Jed, and Sheila Bonini2006Value 1, no. 1
The Prudent Trustee: The Evolution of the Long-Term InvestorEmerson, Jed, and Tim Little, with Jonas Kron2005Generation Foundation and the Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment
The Investor’s Toolkit: Generating Multiple Returns through a Unified Investment StrategyEmerson, Jed, Timothy Freundlich, and Shari Berenbach2004
The CalPERS Effect RevisitedEnglish, Philip C., Thomas I. Smythe, and Chris R. McNeil2004
Responsiveness to Shareholders: Evidence from Majority-Vote Shareholder ProposalsErtimur, Yonca, Fabrizio Ferri, and Stephen R. Stubben2006Harvard Business School
When Patience is a Corporate VirtueEttorre, Barbara1996Management Review
Separation of Ownership and ControlFama, Eugene and Michael Jensen1983
Does Improving a Firm's Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance Result in a Higher Stock Price?Feldman, Stanley J. et al.1997
New Evidence on the Effectiveness of the Proxy MechanismFleming, Michael J.1995Federal Reserve Bank of New York Research Paper No. 9503
A Legal Framework for the Integration of Environmental, Social and Governance Issues into Institutional InvestmentFreshfields Bruckhaus Deringer2005UNEP Finance Initiative
A Legal Framework for the Integration of Environmental, Social and Governance Issues into Institutional InvestmentFreshfields Bruckhaus Deringer 2005UNEP Finance Initiative
How Climate Change Is Driving the Need for Energy DiversificationFulton, Mark2008Deutsche Asset Management, DB Advisors
Working Capital: The Power of Labor's PensionsFung, Archon, Tessa Hebb, and Joel Rogers, eds.2001ILR Press
Shareholder Investment Horizon and the Market for Corporate ControlGaspar, J. M., M. Massimo, and P. Matos2005
The Evolution of Shareholder Activism in the United StatesGillan, Stuart L., and Laura T. Starks2007Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 19, no. 1
Corporate Governance, Corporate Ownership, and the Role of Institutional Investors: A Global PerspectiveGillan, Stuart L., and Laura T. Starks2003Weinberg Center for Corporate Governance Working Paper No. 2003-01
Corporate Governance Proposals and Shareholder Activism: Role of Institutional InvestorsGillan, Stuart L., and Laura T. Starks2000
A Survey of Shareholder Activism: Motivation and Empirical EvidenceGillan, Stuart L., and Laura T. Starks1998
Solutions for Impact Investors: From Strategy to ImplementationGodeke, Steven, and Raúl Pomares, with Albert V. Bruno, Pat Guerra, Charly Kleissner, and Hersh Shefrin2009Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors
Philanthropy’s New Passing Gear: Mission-Related Investing, A Policy and Implementation Guide for Foundation TrusteesGodeke, Steven, with Doug Bauer2008Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors
Information, Ownership Structure, and Shareholder Voting: Evidence from Shareholder-Sponsored Corporate Governance ProposalsGordon, L. and J. Pound1993
Program-Related Investing: Skills and Strategies for New PRI FundersGrantCraft 2006The Ford Foundation
The Economic Value of Corporate Eco-EfficiencyGuenster, Nadja, Jeroen Derwall, Rob Bauer, and Kees Koedijk2005Erasmus University Rotterdam
Blended Value Investing: Integrating Environmental Risks and Opportunities into Securities ValuationHarold, Jacob, Joshua Spitzer, and Jed Emerson2007Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Oxford University, Saïd Business School
Institutional investors and executive compensationHartzell, Jay C., and Laura T. Starks2003
Socially Responsible InvestingHawken, Paul, and Natural Capital Institute2004Natural Capital Institute
The Effect of Green Investment on Corporate BehaviorHeinkel, R, A. Kraus, and J. Zechner2001
Public Pensions and the Promise of Shareholder Activism for the Next Frontier of Corporate Governance: Sustainable Economic DevelopmentHess, David2007University of Michigan, Ross School of Business Paper No. 1080
Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and StatesHirschman, Albert1971
Research on 'Responsible Investment': An Influential Literature Analysis Comprising a Rating, Characterisation, Categorisation and InvestigationHoepner, Andreas, and David McMillan2009University of St. Andrews
Global Warming: Implications for InvestorsHuber, Nicholas2007Deutsche Asset Management, DB Advisors
The Effect of a Large Shareholder on Corporate ValueHuddart, S.1993
Investing for Impact: A Snapshot of EGA Members’ Leveraged Investment Strategies Humphreys, Joshua2008Environmental Grantmakers Association
Mobilizing Assets, Maximizing Impact: Fully Leveraging Philanthropic Capital for Environmental ChangeHumphreys, Joshua2008Environmental Grantmakers Association
Fully Leveraged PhilanthropyHumphreys, Joshua2009Harvard Kennedy School, Hauser Center
Fully Leveraging Philanthropic Assets for Long-Term Social and Environmental ImpactHumphreys, Joshua2009Harvard Kennedy School, Hauser Center, Philanthropy Study Group
Overcoming Obstacles to Active OwnershipHumphreys, Joshua2009UN Principles for Responsible Investment
2007 Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends in the United StatesHumphreys, Joshua (lead author)2008Social Investment Forum
2005 Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends in the United StatesHumphreys, Joshua (lead author)2006Social Investment Forum
Mission in the Marketplace: How Responsible Investing Can Strengthen the Fiduciary Oversight of Foundation Endowments and Enhance Philanthropic MissionsHumphreys, Joshua (lead author)2007Social Investment Forum Foundation
Does Governance Matter? Evidence from CalPERS InterventionsHuson, Mark R.1997University of Alberta
Corporate Governance through the Proxy Contest: Evidence and ImplicationsIkenberry, D., and J. Lakonishok1993
Value at Risk: Climate Change and the Future of GovernanceInnovest Strategic Value Advisors, Inc.2002
Inside the Foundation: Program-Related InvestmentsIsaacs, Stephen L. and James R. Knickman2003Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Investing in Change: Mission-Based Investing for Foundations, Endowments and NGOsJantzi, Michael2003Canadian Council for International Co-operation
Shareholder Proposals and Corporate GovernanceJohn, K. and A. Klein1995New York University
Shareholder Proposals on Executive CompensationJohnson, M. and M. Shackell1997University of Michigan
Stakeholder Pressure and the Structure of Executive CompensationJohnson, M., S. Porter, and M. Shackell1997University of Michigan
Hedge Funds in Corporate Governance and ControlKahan, M., and E. Rock2006New York University
Ownership Structure, Speculation, and Shareholder InterventionKahn, C., and A. Winton1998
Appointments of Outsiders to Japanese Boards: Determinants and Implications for ManagersKaplan, Steven, and Bernadette Minton1994
The Impact of Shareholder Activism on Target Companies: A Survey of Empirical FindingsKarpoff, J.2001University of Washington
Corporate Governance and Shareholder Initiatives: Empirical EvidenceKarpoff, J., P. Malatesta, and R. Walkling1996
Upstart Investors for Director Accountability Target PfizerKary, Tiffany2006MarketWatch.com
Reframing Endowment as a Tool for Community Leadership: How Social Investing Could Change How Community Foundations Think About Their Financial AssetsKasper, Gabriel, et al.2007Future of Community Philanthropy
Investing in a Sustainable World: Why Green Is the New Color of Money on Wall StreetKiernan, Matthew J.2008
Socially Responsible Investing: An Evolving Concept in a Changing WorldKinder, Peter D.2007KLD Research & Analytics
Pensions & The Companies They Own: Fiduciary Duties in a Changing Social EnvironmentKinder, Peter D.2005KLD Research & Analytics
Resources on Socially Responsible Investing, Corporations & Fiduciary DutiesKinder, Peter D.2006KLD Research & Analytics, Inc.
The Virtue of Consistency: The Gates Foundation and Mission-Based InvestingKinder, Peter D.2007KLD Research & Analytics, Inc.
Mission-Based Investing: Extending the Reach of Foundations, Endowments and NGOsKinder, Peter D. and Steven Lydenberg1998
Hedge Fund ActivismKlein, A., and E. Zur2006New York University
Investing for Impact: Managing and Measuring Proactive Social InvestmentsKramer, Mark and Sarah Cooch2006FSG Social Impact Advisors and The Shell Foundation
A Brief Guide to the Law of Mission Investing for U.S. FoundationsKramer, Mark, and Anne Stetson2008FSG Social Impact Advisors
Foundation and Endowment Investing: Philosophies and Strategies of Top Investors and InstitutionsLawrence E. Kochard, and Cathleen M. Rittereiser2007
Effective Funding: How Foundations Can Best Support Social InnovatorsLawry, Steven2009Stanford Social Innovation Review
An Analysis of the Sustainability Investment Strategy Employing the Dow Jones Sustainability World IndexLee, Darren 2006Monash University
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Institutional Investor: A Report to the Ford FoundationLongstreth, Bevis, and H. David Rosenbloom1973Ford Foundation
Socially Responsible Investing: A Foundation’s Duty?Luse, Bodi2007
Envisioning Socially Responsible Investing: A Model for 2006Lydenberg, Steven D. 2002
Innovations in Social and Environmental Disclosure Outside the United StatesLydenberg, Steven D., and Katie Grace2008Domini Social Investments and Social Investment Forum
Relationship Investing: What Active Institutional Investors Want from ManagementMartin, J., and J. Kensinger1996Financial Executives Research Foundation
Large Shareholders as Monitors: Is There a Trade-off between Liquidity and Control?Maug, E.1998
Do Shareholders Vote Strategically: Voting Behavior, Proposal Screening, and Majority RulesMaug, E., and K. Rydqvist2006ECGI
PRIs: An Old Tool Revitalized by New Times McGlaughon, H. King, Jr.2004
Perspectives on Responsible Investment: A Survey of US Pension Plans, Foundations and Endowments, and Other Long-Term Savings PoolsMercer Investment Consulting2006
Corporate GovernanceMonks, R. A., and N. Minow2003
Portfolio Strategy: The Growing Interest in Environmental Issues Is Important to Both Socially Responsible and Fundamental Investors: Goldman Sachs Global Strategy Research ReportMoran, Michael A., Abby Joseph Cohen, et al.2005Goldman Sachs
The Evolution of Shareholder Voting for Executive Compensation SchemesMorgan, A.G., and Poulsen, A.B and J. Wolf2006
Linking Pay to Performance: Compensation Proposals in the S&P 500Morgan, A.G., and Poulsen, A.B.2001
Proxy Contests and Corporate Change: Implications for Shareholder WealthMulherin, J. Harold, and Annette Poulsen1998
The Profitable Correlation between Environmental and Financial Performance: A Review of the ResearchMurphy, Christopher J.2002Light Green Advisors
State Pension Funds and Shareholder InactivismMurphy, Kevin J., and Karen E. Van Nuys1994Harvard University
The CalPERS Effect Revisited AgainNelson, James2006
Long Term Rewards from Shareholder Activism: A Study of the CalPERS EffectNesbitt, Stephen1994
Institutional Investor Activism and Financial Market StructureNoe, Thomas2002
Shareholder activism among portfolio managers: rational decisions or 15 minutes of fame?Nordén, Lars, and Therese Strand2009Journal of Management and Governance
Does Coordinated Institutional Activism Work? An Analysis of the Activities of the Council of Institutional InvestorsOpler, T. and J. Sokobin1995Ohio State University and Southern Methodist University
Water Scarcity and Climate Change: Growing Risks for Businesses and InvestorsPacific Institute2009Ceres and Pacific Institute
Voting with their Feet: Institutional Ownership Changes around CEO TurnoversParrino, R., R. Sias, L. Starks2003
Hedge Funds and Shareholder ActivismPearson, N., and K. Altman2006
Monitoring by Transient Investors? Institutions and Corporate ControlPinkowitz ,L.2000Georgetown University
Responsible Property Investing: CEO BriefingPivo, Gary (Principal Author)2007UNEP Finance Initiative
Proxy Contests and the Efficiency of Shareholder OversightPound, J.1988
Of What Value are Shareholder Proposals Sponsored by Public Pension Funds?Prevost, A. and R. Rao2000
Labor Unions as Shareholder Activists: Champions or Detractors?Prevost, A., R. Rao, and Melissa Williams2000Ohio University
Which Institutional Investors Monitor? Evidence from Acquisition ActivityQiu, Lily2005Brown University
New Frontiers in Mission-Related InvestingRagin, Jr. , Luther M. 2003The F. B. Heron Foundation
Shareholder Activism through the Proxy ProcessRenneboog, Luc, and Peter G. Szilagyi2009TILEC Discussion Paper
Pure Profit: The Financial Implications of Environmental PerformanceRepetto, Robert and Duncan Austin2000World Resources Institute
Coming Clean: Corporate Disclosure of Financially Significant Environmental RisksRepetto, Robert and Duncan Austin2000World Resources Institute
Controlling the Dark Side of Relational InvestingRock, E.1994
Proxy Season Preview 2010: Helping Foundations Align Mission and Investment Passoff, Michael2010As You Sow Foundation
Proxy Season Preview 2008: Helping Foundations Align Mission and Investment Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors and As You Sow Foundation 2008
Unlocking the Power of the Proxy: How Active Foundation Proxy Voting Can Protect Endowments and Boost Philanthropic MissionsRockefeller Philanthropy Advisors and As You Sow Foundation 2004
Political and Legal Restraints on Ownership and Control of Public CompaniesRoe, M.1990
Less is More: Making Shareholder Activism a Valued Mechanism of Corporate GovernanceRomano, R.2001
Public Pension Fund Activism in Corporate Governance ReconsideredRomano, R.1993
Mutual Fund Proxy VotesRothberg, B., and S. Lilien2005City University of New York
The Inheritor's Handbook: A Definitive Guide for BeneficiariesRottenberg, Dan1999Bloomberg Press
Seeking Safer Packaging: Ranking Packaged Food Companies on BPARuoff, Larisa, Emily Stone, Amy Galland, and Michael Passoff2009Green Century Capital Management and As You Sow Foundation
Managing Foundation Assets: An Analysis of Foundation Investment and Payout Procedures and PerformanceSalamon, Lester M. and Kenneth P. Voytek1989Council on Foundations
Mission Possible: Emerging Opportunities for Mission-Connected InvestmentSargon, Nissan and Margaret Bolton2008New Economics Foundation
Financial Returns and Double-Bottom Line Venture Capital—What Do We Know?Schmitt, Brian T.2004Community Development Venture Capital Alliance
Giving Due CreditSchuerman, Mattthew2005
Realigning Corporate Governance: Shareholder Activism by Labor UnionsSchwab, S., and R. Thomas1998
Large Shareholders and Corporate ControlShleifer, A., and R. Vishny1986
Leveraging Your Assets with Loans and Other Program Related Investments (PRIs)Simsohn Shaw, JaniceAssociation of Small Foundations
Corporate Governance and Managerial Incompetence: Lessons from KmartSmith, D. G.1996
Shareholder Activism by Institutional Investors: Evidence from CalPERSSmith, M.1996
2005 Report on Community Investing Trends in the United StatesSocial Investment Forum 2006
Tobacco's Changing Context: A Challenge and Opportunity for Institutional Investors, 2nd ed.Social Investment Forum 1998
Community Investing Toolkit for the Faith CommunitySocial Investment Forum Foundation2009Social Investment Forum Foundation
The Legal Aspects of Social Investing by Non-Profit FiduciariesSolomon, Lewis D., and Karen C. Coe1997Journal of Investing
Does Coordinated Institutional Investor Activism Reverse the Fortunes of Underperforming Firms?Song, W. and S. Szewczyk2003
Blended Value Investing: Innovations in Real EstateSpitzer, Joshua, Jed Emerson, and Jacob Harold2007Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Oxford University, Saïd Business School
Cleantech Venture Capital: How Public Policy Has Shaped Private InvestmentStack, James, John Balbach, Bob Epstein, and Teryn Hanggi2007E2 -- Environmental Entrepreneurs and Cleantech Venture Network
The Expressive Nature of Socially Responsible InvestorsStatman, Meir2008Santa Clara University - Department of Finance
Socially Responsible InvestmentsStatman, Meir2007Santa Clara University - Department of Finance
Socially Responsible Investors and Their AdvisorsStatman, Meir2007Santa Clara University - Department of Finance
Risk, Return and Social Impact: Demystifying the Law of Mission Investing by U.S. FoundationsStetson, Anne, and Mark Kramer 2008FSG Social Impact Advisors
A Requiem for the USA: Is Small Shareholder Monitoring Effective?Strickland, D., K. Wiles, and M. Zenner1996
The Origins of Shareholder ActivismTalner, L.1983Investor Responsibility Research Center
Shareholder proposals post-Enron: What’s changed, what's the same?Thomas, R. and J. Cotter2006Vanderbilt Law School
Should Labor be Allowed to Make Shareholder Proposals?Thomas, R., and K. Martin1998
One proxy at a time: Pursuing Social Change through Shareholder ProposalsTkac, P.2006
Mission-Related Investing for Foundations and Non-Profit Organizations: Practical Tools for Mission/Investment IntegrationTrillium Asset Management Corp.2007
Who Cares Wins: Connecting Financial Markets to a Changing WorldUN Global Compact Financial Sector Initiative2004
Show Me the Money: Linking Environmental, Social and Governance Issues to Company ValueUNEP Finance Initiative2006
The Materiality of Social, Environmental, and Corporate Governance Issues to Equity PricingUNEP Finance Initiative2004
Green Dividends? The Relationship between Firms' Environmental Performance and Financial PerformanceUS Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Capital Markets Committee 2004Office of Cooperative Environmental Management, US EPA
U.S. Institutional Investors Look at Corporate Governance in the 1990's European Management JournalUseem, M., E. Bowman, J. Myatt, and C. Irvine1993
Corporate Governance through the Proxy mechanism: Evidence from the 1989 Honeywell Proxy SolicitationVan Nuys, K.1993
Should We Consider a PRI?: Basic program-related investment criteria for foundations and nonprofit organizationsVelasquez, Christa, and Francie Brody2002Brody Weiser Burns
New Directions in Fiduciary ResponsibilityViederman, Stephen2004Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Journal of Practical Estate Planning
Can Financial Institutions Contribute to Sustainability?Viederman, Stephen2001Sustainable Banking: The Greening of Finance
Investment Consultants and Responsible Investing: Current Practice and Outlook in the United StatesVoorhes, Meg2009Social Investment Forum Foundation
Pension Fund Activism and Firm PerformanceWahal, S.1996
Beyond Five Percent: The New Foundation Payout MenuWaleson, HeidiFrench American Charitable Trust (FACT), Northern California Grantmakers (NCG), and the New York Regional Association of Grantmakers (NYRAG)
The Practical Guide to Managing Nonprofit AssetsWilliam A. Schneider, Robert A. DiMeo, and Michael S. Benoit2005
Agents Watching Agents? Evidence from Pension Fund Ownership and Firm ValueWoidtke, T.2002
Reigning in Activist FundsWoidtke, T., L. Bierman, and C. Tuggle2003
Real Estate and Socially Responsible Investment: New Products, New Investments, New ValueWood, David, and Gary Pivo2006Institute for Responsible Investment, Boston College, and University of Arizona
Mainstreaming Responsible InvestmentWorld Economic Forum Global Corporate Citizenship Initiative and AccountAbility 2005World Economic Forum
The Impact of Public Opinion on Board Structure Changes, Director Career Progression, and CEO Turnover: Evidence from CalPERS’ Corporate Governance ProgramWu, Y.2004
Corporate GovernanceZingales, L.1998The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, ed. Peter Newman
Integrating Environmental, Social and Governance Issues into Institutional Investment: A Handbook for Colleges and Universities2007Amnesty International USA and Responsible Endowments Coalition
Investing in Change: Why Supporting Advocacy Makes Sense for Foundations2008Atlantic Philanthropies
Questions and Answers for Foundations on Proxy Voting2006Ceres
A Toolkit for Foundations and Individual Investors: Harnessing Your Investments to Help Solve the Climate Crisis2008Ceres, INCR, and Environmental Grantmakers Association
Economic Stimulus: The Case for “Green” Infrastructure, Energy Security and “Green” Jobs2008Deutsche Asset Management, DB Advisors
Investing in Climate Change 2009: Necessity and Opportunity in Turbulent Times2008Deutsche Asset Management, DB Advisors
Investing in Climate Change: An Asset Management Perspective2007Deutsche Asset Management, DB Advisors
Deutsche Bank Microcredit Development Fund: Report of ActivitiesDeutsche Bank
Coping with Climate Change: The Role of Financial Markets2007Deutsche Bank Research
Are Charity Consultants Helping or Hindering the Development of SRI?2009EIRIS Foundation Charity Project
Investing Responsibly: A Practical Introduction for Charity Trustees2005EIRIS, UK Social Investment Forum, NCVO
PRIME Toolkit: Primer for Responsible Investment Management of Endowments2006EUROSIF and the Bellagio Forum for Sustainable Development
Investing for Social and Environmental Impact2009Monitor Institute
More for Mission: Current Practices and Trends in Mission Investing2009More for Mission Investing Campaign Resource Center, Boston College, Institute for Responsible Investment
The Morningstar Guide to "Green" and Socially Responsible Investing2009Morningstar
Investing in Your Mission2004National Center for Family Philanthropy
Responsible Investing: Stepping up to the Mainstream2007RBC Dexia
Water, Water Everywhere, but Not a Drop to Drink2008RBC Wealth Management
Resource guide for plan sponsors: Adding a socially responsible investment option to your DC plan2007Social Investment Forum and Mercer Investment Consulting
Brand Value at Risk from Climate Change2005The Carbon Trust
Investor Guide to Climate Change2005The Carbon Trust
A Climate for Change—A Trustee's Guide for Understanding and Addressing Climate Risk2005The Carbon Trust
Climate Change and Shareholder Value2006The Carbon Trust and Cairneagle Associates
The PRI Directory: Charitable Loans and Other Program-Related Investments by Foundations2003The Foundation Center
Responsible Investment in Private Equity: Case Studies2009United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment
Voting Integrity: Practices for Investors and the Global Proxy Advisory Industry2009Yale School of Management, Millstein Center for Corporate Governance and Performance

Resources

 

 

Resources

Visit the sites of these other organizations providing additional resources on the strategies of fully leveraged philanthropy. (Organizations followed by an asterisk have had collaborative or funding relations with C-SocPhil.)

Sponsor Title
AFL-CIOOffice of Investment
AFL-CIO Office of InvestmentAFL-CIO Proxy Voting Guidelines
Annie E. Casey FoundationSocial Investments
As You Sow FoundationAligning Investment and Mission
As You Sow Foundation and Rockefeller Philanthropy AdvisorsPower of Proxy Voting
Association of Small FoundationsMission- and Program-Related Investment (Member-only access)
blue moon fundInvestment
Boston FoundationInvestment Policy Statement, Fund for the 21st Century
Boston FoundationPolicy on Socially Responsible Investment and Proxy Voting Guidelines
Brody Social InvestingBrody Social Investing
California Community FoundationProgram-Related Investments
California EndowmentMission Investing Forum: Building Healthy Communities
California EndowmentMission Investing -- Additional Resources
Cambridge Associates LLCMission-Related Investing
Carbon Disclosure ProjectCarbon Disclosure Project
CeresInvestor Network on Climate Risk
Compton Foundation, Inc.*Environmental and Social Sustainability Policies
Confluence Philanthropy*Confluence Philanthropy
David and Lucile Packard FoundationProgram-Related Investments
David and Lucile Packard FoundationSocially Responsible Investment Principles and Guidelines
Educational Foundation of AmericaResponsible Investments
EIRIS FoundationCharity SRI*
Environmental Grantmakers Association*Green Co-op
European Centre for Corporate EngagementEuropean Centre for Corporate Engagement
European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
F. B. Heron FoundationMission-Related Investing
Federal Street AdvisorsIncorporation of ESG Factors
Ford FoundationProgram-Related Investments
Foundation CenterProgram-Related Investment
Genocide Intervention NetworkConflict Risk Network
Global Impact Investing NetworkGlobal Impact Investing Network
Global Impact Investing NetworkImpact Reporting and Investment Standards (IRIS)
Grantmakers in HealthMission-Related Investing
Green Harbor Financial*Green Harbor Financial*
Harris and Frances Block FoundationMission-Related Investing
Harvard Kennedy SchoolInitiative for Responsible Investment
Harvard Law SchoolProgram on Corporate Governance
Harvard Law SchoolPensions and Capital Stewardship Project
Harvard UniversityHauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations
Hyams FoundationProgram-Related Investments and Mission-Related Investments
Interfaith Center on Corporate ResponsibilityICCR
International Corporate Governance NetworkICGN
ICGNGlobal Corporate Governance Principles: Revised (2009)
Investor Environmental Health NetworkIEHN
Investors Against GenocideInvestors Against Genocide
IRSProgram-Related Investment
Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation Investment Policy
Jewish Funds for JusticeTzedec Investment
KL Felicitas FoundationInvestment Strategy
Lemelson FoundationMission-Related Investing Statement
Living CitiesCatalyst Fund
MacArthur FoundationProgram-Related Investments
MercerResponsible Investment
Meyer Memorial TrustProgram Related Investments
Meyer Memorial TrustMission-Related Investing: Building a Portfolio
Microcredit EnterprisesMission Investing in Microfinance: A Program-Related Investment (PRI) Primer and Toolkit
More for MissionMore for Mission Investing Campaign Resource Center
Nathan Cummings FoundationShareholder Activities
National Association of State Charity Officials (NASCO)US Charity Offices
National Trust for Historic Preservation and National Park ServicePocantico Proclamation on Sustainability and Historic Preservation
Organization of Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOECD Principles of Corporate Governance
PRI Makers NetworkPRI Makers Network
Proxy Democracy*Proxy Democracy
Resource GenerationResource Generation
Responsible Endowments Coalition*Responsible Endowments Coalition
Responsible Property Investing CenterResponsible Property Investing Center
Rhode Island FoundationSocially Responsible Investing
RiskMetrics GroupESG Insight blog
RiskMetrics GroupProxy Season Resource Center
Rockefeller Archive Center*Rockefeller Archive Center
Rockefeller Brothers Fund*Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures
Rockefeller FoundationImpact Investing
Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors*The New New Economy: Investing with a Climate Change Lens during Challenging Times
Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors*Impact Investing
Rose FoundationMission-Related Investing
RSF Social FinanceResources on Program-Related Investments
SoCap08Mission-Related Investing
Social Investment Forum and Green America*Community Investing Center
Social Investment Forum*Socially Responsible Financial Services Directory
Social Investment Forum*Social Investment Forum
Sustainable Endowments Institute*College Sustainability Report Card
Texas Environmental Grantmakers GroupMission-Related Investing
The Philanthropic InitiativeThe Center for Applied Philanthropy*
Threshold GroupMission-Related Investing
Tides FoundationInvesting in Social Change: Tools for Social Innovation
Trillium Asset ManagementInvesting with a Mission
Triskeles FoundationDonor-Advised Funds
Uniform Law CommissionUniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act
United for a Fair EconomyResponsible Wealth
United NationsPrinciples for Responsible Investment
United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNEP Finance Initiative
University of PennsylvaniaCenter for High Impact Philanthropy*
Vermont Community FoundationMission Investing
Vermont Community FoundationProxy Voting Guidance
Vermont Community FoundationCompounding Impact: Mission Investing at the VCF
W. K. Kellogg FoundationMission-Driven Investing
Weeden FoundationMission-Related Investing
William and Flora Hewlett FoundationSocial Investment Policy
Winrock InternationalMission-Related Investment